GOOGLE地球浏览器分析(五):KML文件基本格式
粟卫民http://www.gisdev.cn/ http://blog.csdn.net/suen/ 日期: 2007-7-5
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第三节我们介绍了KML文件的定义及其在GOOGLE地图浏览器中的地位,并给出了一个简单的样例文件。下面我们详细介绍KML文件的格式。
1 基本格式
基本格式的KML文件是指可以直接由Google Earth创建的KML文件,它包括地点标记、叠层、路线和多边形。下面分别介绍。
1.1 地点标记(Placemarks)
上一节我们给出了一个地点标记(Placemarks)的示例。地点标记是Google Earth中最常用的地理特征,它使用一个黄色的图钉在地球表面标记一个位置。一个简单的地点标记的KML代码如下所示:
Simple placemark
Attached to the ground. Intelligently places itself
at the height of the underlying terrain.
-122.0822035425683,37.42228990140251,0
它包括以下几个部分:
(1)XML头:
(2)KML命名空间定义:
(3)地点标记对象,包括:
名称(name):用于对地点标记进行注记;
描述(description):对地点标记进行描述,“气球(ballon)”中的显示内容;
点(Point):指定地点标记的位置。
1.2 使用HTML描述地点标记
有两种方式来使用HTML描述地点标记,一种是直接在
,
和
中的
CDATA example
CDATA Tags are useful!
Text is more readable and
easier to write when you can avoid using entity
references.
]]>
102.595626,14.996729
当然,还有一种使用转义字符来表示特殊符号的方式,这就不需要CDATA元素,如下所示:
Entity references example
<h1>Entity references are hard to type!</h1>
<p><font color="green">Text is
<i>more readable</i>
and <b>easier to write</b>
when you can avoid using entity references.</font></p>
102.594411,14.998518
1.3叠层
叠层是覆盖在地球表面的图像。一个简单的叠层KML代码如下所示:
Ground Overlays
Examples of ground overlays
Large-scale overlay on terrain
Overlay shows Mount Etna erupting on July 13th, 2001.
http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/etna.jpg
37.91904192681665
37.46543388598137
15.35832653742206
14.60128369746704
-0.1556640799496235
在 中,它包含两个较新的标记:
:指定图片的URL;
:指定图片的位置和范围。
Google Earth支持JPEG,BMP, GIF, TIFF, TGA和PNG等格式的图像。
1.4 路线
在KML里面,路线由 元素来创建。如下所示:
Paths
Examples of paths. Note that the tessellate tag is by default set to 0. If you want to create tessellated lines, they must be authored (or edited) directly in KML.
Absolute Extruded
Transparent green wall with yellow outlines #yellowLineGreenPoly
1
1
absolute
-112.2550785337791,36.07954952145647,2357 -112.2549277039738,36.08117083492122,2357 -112.2552505069063,36.08260761307279,2357 -112.2564540158376,36.08395660588506,2357 -112.2580238976449,36.08511401044813,2357 -112.2595218489022,36.08584355239394,2357 -112.2608216347552,36.08612634548589,2357 -112.262073428656,36.08626019085147,2357 -112.2633204928495,36.08621519860091,2357 -112.2644963846444,36.08627897945274,2357 -112.2656969554589,36.08649599090644,2357
1.5 多边形
多边形由
The Pentagon
1
relativeToGround
-77.05788457660967,38.87253259892824,100 -77.05465973756702,38.87291016281703,100 -77.05315536854791,38.87053267794386,100 -77.05552622493516,38.868757801256,100 -77.05844056290393,38.86996206506943,100 -77.05788457660967,38.87253259892824,100
-77.05668055019126,38.87154239798456,100 -77.05542625960818,38.87167890344077,100 -77.05485125901024,38.87076535397792,100 -77.05577677433152,38.87008686581446,100 -77.05691162017543,38.87054446963351,100 -77.05668055019126,38.87154239798456,100
注:本文大部分内容是由GOOGLE KML文档KML Samples翻译而来,如果GOOGLE公司觉得有什么不妥,请联系我修改或删除。